What is chlorogenic acid?

November 21, 2024

What is chlorogenic acid?

Chlorogenic acid definition:

Chlorogenic acid, also known as coffee tannic acid, is a natural phenolic acid ester drug formed by the condensation of caffeic acid and quinic acid.

Existence form:

Chlorogenic acid is widely found in higher dicotyledonous plants and ferns, mainly in the genus Lonicera of the Caprifoliaceae family and the genus Artemisia of the Asteraceae family, such as Eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle, sunflower, schizonepeta, coffee, cocoa trees, etc. In addition, chlorogenic acid substances are also found in daily edibles such as apples, pears, potatoes, soybeans, wheat, and green tea.

Physical and chemical properties of chlorogenic acid

Properties:

Hemihydrate is a needle-shaped crystal, which becomes an anhydrous compound at 110°C.

Solubility:

Easily soluble in polar solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, and poorly soluble in lipophilic organic solvents such as chloroform, ether, and benzene. The solubility in water at 25°C is about 4%, more soluble in hot water.

Stability:

There are three unstable parts in the molecular structure of chlorogenic acid: ester bond, unsaturated double bond and polyphenol. During the extraction process from plants, isomerization often occurs through hydrolysis and intramolecular ester migration. The test solution is most stable when placed in a brown bottle and stored in a refrigerator (2°C).

Biological activity of chlorogenic acid and its effect on the human body

Antioxidant effect:

Chlorogenic acid is a powerful antioxidant, and its antioxidant capacity mainly comes from the ortho-diphenol hydroxyl structure. It can provide electrons or hydrogen atoms, remove free radicals in the body, reduce oxidative damage, protect cell health, help reduce wrinkles, delay aging, and improve skin condition.

Antibacterial and antiviral effects:

It has inhibitory effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, can promote wound healing, and also has obvious antiviral effects, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and viruses.

Hypoglycemic effect: It can promote the secretion of insulin, improve the cell's ability to absorb glucose, inhibit the absorption of sugar in the intestine, thereby lowering blood sugar levels, which is of great significance for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.

Hyperlipidemia effect:

It can reduce the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in plasma, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Antitumor effect:

It has a certain anti-cancer effect, can inhibit the growth and spread of tumor cells, and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells, thus having a certain effect on the treatment and prevention of cancer.

Improve immunity:

It can stimulate macrophages and T It can enhance the activity of cells, strengthen the body's immunity, and help treat and prevent infectious diseases such as viruses and bacteria.

Other effects:

Chlorogenic acid also has anti-coagulation, relieves constipation, assists in weight loss, excites the central nervous system and protects the cardiovascular system. It can also promote gastrointestinal motility, help digestion and absorption of food, and improve the situation of excessive fat accumulation in the body.

Application areas of chlorogenic acid

Medical field:

It is an important class of pharmaceutical intermediates, which can be used for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, gastric cancer, colon cancer and other diseases. At present, it has developed Yinhuang soft capsules and Yinhuang dripping pills. Yinhuang series of drugs including Shuanghuanglian oral liquid and Shuanghuanglian granules, etc., and Shuanghuanglian series of drugs including Shuanghuanglian oral liquid and Shuanghuanglian granules.

Health care products:

Because it has multiple health benefits, it is often added to health care products, such as some health care products with antioxidant, blood sugar and blood lipid functions.

Food:

It can be used as a food additive for food preservation, flavor enhancement and color protection, etc. It can also be used in the development of functional foods, such as adding it to beverages, cakes and other foods to increase its health functions.

Cosmetics:

It has antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and can be added to cosmetics to improve skin quality and reduce wrinkles, etc.

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